We_D Pentesting Blog

The world of cybersecurity is growing rapidly, and one of the most critical areas in this field is ethical hacking. Ethical hacking is a practice of testing and identifying vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks to prevent unauthorized access. In this article, we will cover various aspects of ethical hacking, including free online courses, certifications, types of hacking, and more, to help you gain a better understanding of this essential practice. Free Online Ethical Hacking Courses If you are looking for free online courses on ethical hacking, there are many options available. Platforms like Udemy, Coursera, and edX offer free courses on ethical hacking. The Indian government also offers free online courses on ethical hacking through its National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) portal. These courses cover various topics, such as network security, web application security, ethical hacking tools, and penetration testing. Completing these courses can h

Linux command line is a powerful tool for interacting with the operating system, allowing users to perform a variety of tasks and automate repetitive tasks through scripting. In this blog, we'll explore some practical Linux command line and shell scripting tips that will make you a more efficient user. Basic Linux Commands: Before diving into shell scripting, it's essential to familiarize yourself with some basic Linux commands. Commonly used commands include cd, ls, mkdir, touch, cp, mv, rm, cat, grep, chmod, and sudo . Knowing these commands will make it easier to perform day-to-day tasks and navigate through the file system. Shell Scripting Basics: Shell scripting is a way of automating tasks by writing a series of commands in a script file. To create a script file, open a text editor and save the file with a .sh extension. To run the script, make it executable using the chmod command and then execute it using the ./filename.sh command. Here's an example scri

If you're a bug bounty hunter, you know how challenging it can be to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in web applications. But when encountering a web application firewall (WAF), the task becomes even more complicated. WAFs are designed to detect and block malicious traffic, making it harder for testers to find vulnerabilities. In this post, we'll explore some effective strategies, techniques, and tips to help you tackle WAFs and succeed in your bug bounty process. Understand the WAF Before beginning your testing, it's crucial to understand the WAF you're dealing with. Different WAFs have unique features, capabilities, and detection mechanisms, so it's essential to gather as much information as possible. Check if the application uses any open-source WAF or if the developer created a custom one. Understanding the WAF will enable you to plan your testing approach and identify potential vulnerabilities. Tip: Use search engines like Google to search for keywor

Bug bounty hunting is a popular way for cybersecurity professionals to earn extra income while improving their skills. But the competition can be fierce, and standing out from the crowd requires more than just technical knowledge. In this post, we will provide a comprehensive guide to successful bug bounty hunting, covering everything from developing your skills to communicating effectively and maximizing your payouts. Develop Your Skills and Knowledge The first step to becoming a successful bug bounty hunter is to develop your skills and knowledge. This includes understanding programming languages, operating systems, and web application frameworks. Additionally, you should have a good understanding of network security, cryptography, and reverse engineering. Consider taking online courses or attending workshops to improve your knowledge. Choose the Right Bug Bounty Programs Not all bug bounty programs are created equal. To maximize your chances of success, choose programs that

As web applications become more complex, identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities is becoming more critical. One such vulnerability that requires attention is Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). SSRF is a significant security vulnerability that can lead to data breaches, remote code execution, and other attacks. In this blog post, we'll discuss tips, tricks, and best practices for effective SSRF testing in web applications. What is SSRF? Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is an attack in which an attacker can send requests from a server to other internal or external systems. The attacker can use this vulnerability to access resources that should be protected, such as databases, servers, or other sensitive data. SSRF can have devastating consequences, and it is essential to identify and remediate vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. Why is SSRF Testing Important? SSRF testing is important because it helps identify and remediate SSRF vulnerabilities before

Web application security is a constantly evolving field with new vulnerabilities and attack vectors being discovered all the time. One of the most common areas where web applications are vulnerable is in the identification and authentication process. In this blog post, we will explore identification and authentication failures in web applications and provide tips and tricks for advanced testing to help bug hunters identify and report such vulnerabilities. What is Identification and Authentication? Identification and authentication are two distinct processes used to verify the identity of a user attempting to access a web application. Identification is the process of presenting credentials, such as a username or email address, to the application. Authentication is the process of verifying that the credentials provided are valid and belong to the user who is attempting to access the application. Identification and authentication are crucial to the security of web applications. With

As web applications continue to become more complex, security testing has become an integral part of the development process. Bug hunters play a vital role in ensuring the security of web applications. One of the most critical areas of focus for bug hunters is identifying and addressing vulnerabilities in the components used by these applications. In this article, we'll explore advanced techniques for testing for outdated and vulnerable components in web applications. Why Vulnerable Components Matter Vulnerable components, such as third-party libraries, frameworks, and plugins, can introduce security vulnerabilities and weaknesses into web applications. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, execute arbitrary code, or take control of the application. Therefore, identifying and addressing vulnerable components is critical to ensure the security of web applications. Techniques for Testing Vulnerable and Outdated Components A

Web applications have become an integral part of our daily lives. From online banking to social media, we rely heavily on these applications for a variety of services. However, web applications are also prone to security vulnerabilities that can be exploited by hackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. As a bug hunter, it is important to have a comprehensive testing approach that can identify these vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. In this blog post, we will discuss advanced techniques for testing security misconfigurations in web applications, along with tips, tricks, and examples to help bug hunters in their quest for a secure web application. Why Advanced Testing is Important? Automated testing tools are a great starting point, but they can only go so far in detecting security misconfigurations. Advanced testing techniques can help bug hunters identify vulnerabilities that automated tools may miss. In addition, advanced testing techniques can help i

In today's digital age, web applications have become an integral part of our lives. From online shopping to social media, we rely on these applications for a wide range of activities. However, as the use of web applications increases, so do the risks associated with them. Insecure design of web applications can expose sensitive information, allow unauthorized access to systems, and lead to financial losses. As a bug hunter, it is crucial to identify and report such vulnerabilities to prevent cyber attacks. In this blog post, we will discuss the importance of bug hunting for insecure web application design and ways to identify and report such vulnerabilities. Understanding Insecure Web Application Design Insecure web application design refers to a situation where a web application has been designed in a way that makes it vulnerable to attacks. These vulnerabilities can be due to various reasons such as weak authentication, insufficient input validation, or lack of proper error h

Web applications that handle sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, and personal information must ensure that this data is kept safe and secure. Cryptography is an essential tool for protecting this data, but it's not always implemented correctly. Cryptographic failures can leave web applications vulnerable to attacks, and bug hunters play a crucial role in identifying and reporting these vulnerabilities to prevent potential breaches. In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at some of the most common cryptographic failures in web applications and discuss how bug hunters can find and report them. Insecure Cryptographic Protocols Some cryptographic protocols are inherently insecure and should not be used to protect sensitive data. For example, the outdated SSL and early versions of TLS are vulnerable to attacks such as POODLE, BEAST, and Heartbleed. Bug hunters can detect these vulnerabilities by conducting network scans and analyzing the SSL/TLS con

As a bug hunter, you are tasked with finding vulnerabilities in web applications before they can be exploited by malicious actors. One of the most common vulnerabilities that you may encounter is broken access control. In this post, we will discuss what broken access control is, why it is important, and how to identify and exploit this vulnerability. What is Broken Access Control? Access control is the process of ensuring that only authorized users can access specific resources within a web application. Broken access control occurs when this process fails, allowing unauthorized users to access restricted resources. This can happen due to various reasons such as improper implementation of access control rules, lack of proper authentication and authorization mechanisms, or lack of input validation. Why is Broken Access Control Important? Broken access control is a serious vulnerability that can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, user accounts, and system resources.

Web applications have become an integral part of our daily lives, and they store a wealth of sensitive information. However, they are also prone to security vulnerabilities that can compromise this information. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of the most common and dangerous vulnerabilities in web applications. Bug hunters play a vital role in identifying and reporting these vulnerabilities to web application owners, who can then take steps to fix them. In this blog post, we'll take a comprehensive look at Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, how to find and exploit them, and how to prevent them. What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)? Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker injects malicious code into a web page that is executed by a victim's browser. XSS can lead to theft of sensitive information, such as session cookies or personal data, or take control of a victim's session. XSS can be divided into three types: Refl

Introduction:   Bug bounty programs are becoming increasingly popular as a means of identifying security vulnerabilities in software applications. However, it can be challenging for security researchers to identify and exploit these vulnerabilities without the proper tools. In this blog post, we'll explore the top 5 bug bounty tools for effective vulnerability hunting.   Burp Suite Burp Suite is one of the most widely used web application security testing tools available in the market. It is a comprehensive toolkit that allows security researchers to intercept, manipulate, and modify HTTP/S traffic between the web application and the server. Burp Suite is an excellent tool for both manual and automated testing, making it a popular choice for bug bounty hunters.   OWASP ZAP OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy) is a free and open-source security tool that can be used for penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and web application security. It has a user-friendly interface and can be int

Privilege escalation is a common threat that affects the security of Windows systems. Recently, a new vulnerability called LocalPotato was discovered, which allows attackers with low privilege accounts to gain SYSTEM privileges and access to critical files. In this blog post, we will explore the LocalPotato vulnerability, how it works, and what you can do to prevent it from happening to your system. What is LocalPotato Vulnerability? LocalPotato vulnerability is a local privilege escalation (LPE) vulnerability in Windows that allows attackers to read and write arbitrary files with SYSTEM privileges. This vulnerability exploits a flaw in a special case of NTLM authentication called local NTLM authentication, which is used to trick a privileged process into authenticating a session that the attacker initiates against the local SMB server. How Does LocalPotato Vulnerability Work? The LocalPotato vulnerability works by exploiting a flaw in local NTLM authentication, which is used t

Finding all active subdomains for a domain is a crucial step in conducting reconnaissance for security testing, bug bounty hunting, or even for just understanding the full scope of a company's online presence. In this article, we'll explore some of the most advanced techniques for identifying active subdomains of a given domain. Subdomain Enumeration Tools Subdomain enumeration tools are a popular method for discovering active subdomains of a domain. These tools use a variety of methods to identify subdomains, such as brute-forcing, search engine scraping, and certificate transparency logs. Some of the most popular subdomain enumeration tools include Sublist3r, Amass, Assetnote, and Subfinder. Reverse DNS Lookup Conducting a reverse DNS lookup on the IP addresses associated with the domain can help identify active subdomains. This technique involves looking up the DNS records for the IP addresses associated with the domain to see if any subdomains are listed. This can b